In the book of Cham Koshti, one of the Middle Persian texts, which is the only surviving text, the following is said about the reason for tying the ship: tying the ship is a sign of the boundary between the two upper and lower parts of the body, and these two halves of the body are also like the world. Bigger and the smaller world, as some ancient thinkers believed that the world also includes two parts: the bigger world and the smaller world.< /p>

< Hayde Sirafi,  PhD in Ancient Culture and Languages

Abstract 
Ship from the oldest  It is a sport that has a deep and strong root in the background and history of Iran. This sport  It is one of those sports that have a philosophy of  It is symbolic and deep because wrestling, in addition to its external appearance, which is the customs of wrestling, has internal and internal factors that benefit from  Ben Maye Ai  completely  Ritual and religious and  It is symbolic that  It is similar to the behavior and actions of young men and warriors. The fight of two equals in the field while  Kushti is also used with the verb to close, and this time not in the sense of fight and battle.

The reason for it and how to find and choose this word in sports are discussed, citing ancient and medieval texts, Shahnameh and many others. 
< br />  At the end of this topic, it is understood that wrestling starts from the same point where the foundation of morality, faith and righteousness is closed and the border between light and darkness is.

Key words:
ship, battle, band, symbol, group, light, darkness



   Closing wrestling and getting wrestling
      ;                   Heideh Syrfi 
    ;                Ph.D. in Ancient Culture and Languages


In the dictionary of Dehkhoda, it is written as follows under the entry of wrestling: 
" to hang together and fight to knock one another down, to force, to man and man, to tie, to twist together"1
 here  Bringing two meanings " to force"  In the concept of battle and the other "getting tied" It is not without reason.
  be taken in this case   
from the weak form of the root    kauš√ /  kuš-means to try and fight.
 But most linguists believe that the word  The ship is made of kust  means " area, side, side, direction..."2  It is derived as coast in English küste in German and cote < /span> in French also means " side and area and side"  It is of the same material. In the writings of the Middle Ages and in the Pahlavi texts, the word Kushti or Kosti also means " Su, direction, side and area" is used and the directions of the four Four caustics "  They used to say  So that today the same word is "four sides" in the meaning of " four sides" 3 
  The word wrestling is often used with the verb to wrestle... and its meaning is the fight of two equals in the field. But kushti is also used with the verb to close, and this time not in the sense of fighting and fighting, but in the concept of turning to religion. 
  It is white and narrow and is like a shawl that is tied in the middle of religious ceremonies of Zoroastrians. This paragraph three times toIt is tied around the waist as a symbol of the triple doctrine of "good thoughts, good words and good deeds". is . 
Closing a ship is an ancient belief that has a completely symbolic and religious meaning. The ship is the servant of God. This shawl and belt is the thread that binds all the followers of Mazdasena religion together and establishes a spiritual connection between them. Also, this band makes everyone obedient and a servant of God
 .
  Ferdowsi also says this in Shahnameh :
        ;     No, I am my child, but you are young.       I am tied to a battle, between 1     They all came to the king of the land.        They closed the boat and came to religion.
     to Borz  and Far Shah of  Ira Nian Close all the ships  on  Mian2

Miss Mary  The late Iranologist Boyce says this about the custom of closing a boat:
" ... It seems that the official Indo-European tying of the ship was that men tied a braided rope to themselves to enter the religious community. Brahmins tied a rope on one shoulder, which was tied for them by a spiritual person. was hitting They would never open it except when the ceremony required
  at this time, it was removed from one side, and this tying of the rope was probably an ancient and universal practice that Zarathush took. to make Nash's followers a distinctive address. Everyone, both men and women, wears a rope like a belt, which they wrap three times around the waist and tie in front and back. He entered the religion at the age of fifteen, so the believer should open and close the saddle for prayer every day until the end of his life. The symbolic meaning of this belt that you killed in Iran  They called it well explained over the centuries.  But it is possible that from the beginning these three rings were considered to be the symbol of the triple moral principles of this religion and thus the thought of its wearer was focused on his religious practices... "3
It seems that in During the time of Aryans, it was a custom that at the age of fifteen, they tied their waists like a shawl to symbolize the beginning of the ideal age and the entry into youth (Khord Avesta – p. 66). Banding has been popular and still Indians wear bandi similar to the Zoroastrian ship  called yajňopavīta yajňopavīta  (Khorde Avesta-p.66) . 
This shawl shows faith in both Aryan groups and is one of the best coverings among some Sufi sects are also tied with rice like a ship, which is a symbol of a patch of poverty, which in Dervish terms is called Reshma " They say that this shawl until the Safavid period " ship" It was called. Jamshid Jam founded the custom of tying the ship.
In the book Cham Kushti of the Middle Persian texts, the only surviving text of which is Pazand, it is said about the reason for tying the ship< span dir="LTR"> :
To tie the ship is a sign of the boundary between the two upper and lower parts of the body, and these two halves of the body are like the greater world and the smaller world, as some ancient thinkers believed. The world also includes two parts, the Greater World and the Smaller World. Therefore, the upper half of the body, which is the great universe and the bright place, is likened like this:
"Eyes The sign of clairvoyance, the mind is the sign of finding, intelligence is the sign of possession, wisdom is the symbol of selectivity. , thought  The symbol of thinking and language is also the doctrine of speech, the ear is the doctrine of hearing, and the nose is the sense of smell, and the home of all these organs is in the brain. It is established and the head is like heaven, which is in the highest part, and buds and blossoms grow from this heavenly part. 3
As the belly of the world is mixing and separating, devouring and letting go, so tying a ship's belt around the middle of the body is a sign of separating good from evil, and just as prayer means bowing. Closing a ship is also a sign of servitude and straining  It is against the Lord."4

The symbolic meaning of closing the ship is that : 
" We are bound to bind, not unbound and that  I am a slave, not a slave. 1 And it is interesting that the word servitude itself is from the word bond, so by tying a vessel between the body, the human nature is protected from any sin and disobedience against the master. Because we are bound from another side, not from ourselves, and to close that bond is with God, and to avoid every sin, and if we do not close the ship, he will remove himself from the circle of God's service.We and Zain are the cause of our behavior, actions and speech from God. will be abandoned and we will become infernal. 2  Symbolic and deep lies in the ship.   So it is not without reason that this word  It has been introduced in sports because Ben has a completely religious and religious background and is on par with the behavior and actions of young men and warriors.
  Being naked in the upper half of the body while performing  Zorkhane sports use this symbol to be insight, wisdom, purity and moral places that are in the mind, thought, heart and character and  It should be visible and naked, and wearing pants and covering the lower part of the body is a symbol of avoiding evil and darkness.
We see that  Two wrestlers always have their hands on each other  It will be used  The word "wrestling" in sports is derived from this verb.  which means to take the waist area, that is, the place where the belt is tied. As the wrestlers of Khorasan use the rope they tie on their waists " They say ``Kesti'' or ``Keshti'' 3 .
  With these explanations, we fully understand that wrestling starts from the same point where the foundation of morality and faith and Truth is closed and the border between light and darkness is.




 





      Books:
 1- Boyce, Mary, Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Customs , translated by Asgar Bahrami,  Tehran, Phoenix, 1381
 2-  Bahar, Mehrdad, (translator), Bandahesh Tehran, Tous,  1369        
 3- - Elliptical Beam Kashani, Hossein, History of Ancient Sports of Iran, Tehran, Zovar, 1382 
  4- Pordawood, Ebrahim, (translator) Yashtha, Tehran,  Asatir, 1377.            
 5 - Pourdaud, Ebrahim, (translator) Yesna, Tehran, Asatir, 1380
 6- Pordawood, Ibrahim, (translator), Hormuzd Nameh, Tehran, Asatir, 1380
7- Pordawood, Ibrahim, (translator), Khorde Avesta , Tehran, Asatir, 1380
8-  Ferdowsi- Brokhim printing- Tehran- c  2- 1315-  p. 498
9- Dictionary of Dehkhoda – The entry of wrestling and wrestling
10- Yasht Farzangi - Dr. Mohsen Abolqasmi's celebration letter _ article  Cham Kesti - Tehran – Hermes-  1384